Cast irons melt more easily than similar alloys; they are near the eutectic composition in the iron-carbon phase diagram.
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Cast Iron

Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). more...

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It is made by remelting pig iron, often along with substantial quantities of scrap iron and scrap steel, and taking various steps to remove undesirable contaminants such as phosphorus and sulfur, which weaken the material. Carbon and silicon content are reduced to the desired levels, which may be anywhere from 2% to 3.5% for carbon and 1% to 3% for silicon depending on the application. Other elements are then added to the melt before the final form is produced by casting.

The iron is today melted in a kind of small blast furnace known as a cupola. See blast furnace for more details. This is thought to have been devised by the late 18th century ironmaster John Wilkinson. Previously, the iron was melted in an air furnace, a variety of reverberatory furnace. Alternatively, molten iron was tapped from (or ladled from the forehearth of a blast furnace.

The iron-carbon eutectic point lies at 1403 kelvins and 4.3 mass % carbon. Since cast iron has nearly this composition, its melting temperature of 1420 to 1470 K is about 300 K lower than the melting point of pure iron. Cast iron tends to be brittle, unless the name of the particular alloy suggests otherwise. The color of a fracture surface can be used to identify an alloy: carbide impurities allow cracks to pass straight through, resulting in a smooth, "white" surface, while graphite flakes deflect a passing crack and initiate countless new cracks as the material breaks, resulting in a rough surface that appears grey.

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		Old Tiny Iron Authentic Toy With Cross Rib Handle 2 3/8" Long T78
		Old Tiny Iron Authentic Toy With Cross Rib Handle 2 3/8" Long T78 
		Original Old Toy Iron 2 7/8" Long With The Matching Trivet T72
		Original Old Toy Iron 2 7/8" Long With The Matching Trivet T72

		Firemans Horsedrawn Ladder Wagon
		Firemans Horsedrawn Ladder Wagon 
		Vintage Cast Iron Toy Train Near Mint Unsigned Wheels Move Freely Look!
		Vintage Cast Iron Toy Train Near Mint Unsigned Wheels Move Freely Look!

		Hubley Train Engine & Baggage Train Car
		Hubley Train Engine & Baggage Train Car 
		Very Old Cast Iron Toy Truck
		Very Old Cast Iron Toy Truck

		Greycraft Toy Miniature Cast Iron Pots & Pans New Old Stock
		Greycraft Toy Miniature Cast Iron Pots & Pans New Old Stock 
		Old Cast Iron Toy Iron Double Handle Base Is 2 7/8" Long T70
		Old Cast Iron Toy Iron Double Handle Base Is 2 7/8" Long T70

		Vintage Cast Iron Toy Train Floor Train Engine Tender 2 Pullman Cars Caboose
		Vintage Cast Iron Toy Train Floor Train Engine Tender 2 Pullman Cars Caboose 
		Salesmen Sample Childrens Iron Stove - Cresent - 1900's Great
		Salesmen Sample Childrens Iron Stove - Cresent - 1900's Great

		Antique Hubley School Bus Made In Usa!
		Antique Hubley School Bus Made In Usa! 
		Vintage Cast Iron 2 Horse Drawn Schultz Beer & Ale Wagon W/ Driver & Umbrella
		Vintage Cast Iron 2 Horse Drawn Schultz Beer & Ale Wagon W/ Driver & Umbrella

		Ca. 1911 Cast Iron Ives Train Model No. 3200 w/ 3 Cars / Coal / Lumber & Tracks+
		Ca. 1911 Cast Iron Ives Train Model No. 3200 w/ 3 Cars / Coal / Lumber & Tracks+ 
		Vintage Cast Iron Horse Drawn Surrey Covered Carriage Cast Iron Ex Cond
		Vintage Cast Iron Horse Drawn Surrey Covered Carriage Cast Iron Ex Cond

		Grey Iron Dimestore Calf American Family Farm Child Toy
		Grey Iron Dimestore Calf American Family Farm Child Toy 
		Arcade Cast Iron Toy Farm Fordson Tractor 1920's
		Arcade Cast Iron Toy Farm Fordson Tractor 1920's

		Old Toy Iron 3 3/4" Long Iron Grip Original Paint & Great Condition T76
		Old Toy Iron 3 3/4" Long Iron Grip Original Paint & Great Condition T76 
		Vintage Cast Iron Toy car
		Vintage Cast Iron Toy car

		Old Cast Iron Toy Iron With Cross Rib Handle 3 1/4" Long T77
		Old Cast Iron Toy Iron With Cross Rib Handle 3 1/4" Long T77 
		Vintage Toy Cast Iron Tools 
		Vintage Toy Cast Iron Tools

		Antique Truck Jones & Co. Moving/Primiti​Ve Art/Wooden Truck
		Antique Truck Jones & Co. Moving/Primiti​Ve Art/Wooden Truck 
		Antique Vintage Hubley Cast Iron Cop Motorcyle Toy All Original No Damage Nr!Nr!
		Antique Vintage Hubley Cast Iron Cop Motorcyle Toy All Original No Damage Nr!Nr!

		Overland Circus 14" Calliope Wagon in Excellent Condition
		Overland Circus 14" Calliope Wagon in Excellent Condition 
		uncle sam cast iron bank 
		uncle sam cast iron bank

		1927 Arcade Ford Model T Cast Iron Stake Bed Toy Truck
		1927 Arcade Ford Model T Cast Iron Stake Bed Toy Truck 
		* Musical & Mechanical Victrola & Dog Cast Iron Rca Bank . Authentic . Original
		* Musical & Mechanical Victrola & Dog Cast Iron Rca Bank . Authentic . Original

		antique Cast Iron Delivery Truck Driver w/steer wheel
		antique Cast Iron Delivery Truck Driver w/steer wheel 
		Great vintage mechanical baseball players cast iron bank, with moving parts!
		Great vintage mechanical baseball players cast iron bank, with moving parts!

		Cast Iron Toy Motorcycle Antique Biker Bike Police Cop
		Cast Iron Toy Motorcycle Antique Biker Bike Police Cop 
		Old "Baby" Toy Sad Iron 3 1/2" Long Very Special & Hard To Find T73
		Old "Baby" Toy Sad Iron 3 1/2" Long Very Special & Hard To Find T73

		Old Dover #912 Toy Sad Iron 4" Long All Original Old Toy T74
		Old Dover #912 Toy Sad Iron 4" Long All Original Old Toy T74 
		Vintage Cast Iron Pink Pig Black Spots 6" Long Farm Barn Yard Animal
		Vintage Cast Iron Pink Pig Black Spots 6" Long Farm Barn Yard Animal

		Hubley Art Deco Steam Fire Engine Toy Truck
		Hubley Art Deco Steam Fire Engine Toy Truck 
		Validate Vintage Cast Iron Toys 12 Led Uv Black Light
		Validate Vintage Cast Iron Toys 12 Led Uv Black Light

		Antique McCormick Deering Toy Tractor Cast Iron
		Antique McCormick Deering Toy Tractor Cast Iron 
		Vintage Hubley Toy Airplane In Showroom Condition
		Vintage Hubley Toy Airplane In Showroom Condition

		Cast Iron Steam Shovel Digger Construction Toy Antique Kenton Hubley Vehicle
		Cast Iron Steam Shovel Digger Construction Toy Antique Kenton Hubley Vehicle 
		Humpty Dumpty Iron Bank
		Humpty Dumpty Iron Bank

		Vintage Grey Iron F-13 Gate with Post Farm Fence Mint Condition Cast Figure 
		Vintage Grey Iron F-13 Gate with Post Farm Fence Mint Condition Cast Figure 
		Coca-Cola Wagon Vintage
		Coca-Cola Wagon Vintage

		Tootsistoy Pontiac Car Need Paint #10299
		Tootsistoy Pontiac Car Need Paint #10299

		Cast Iron-Iron Advertisment For Ortho Pharmaceutical Co. On Bottom Of Iron Rare
		Cast Iron-Iron Advertisment For Ortho Pharmaceutical Co. On Bottom Of Iron Rare 
		Cast Iron toys set of 5
		Cast Iron toys set of 5

		Old Heavy Cast Iron Halloween Witch Bobble Head Nodder! Head Moves On Metal Stem
		Old Heavy Cast Iron Halloween Witch Bobble Head Nodder! Head Moves On Metal Stem 
		Antique Cast Iron Horse Drawn Stage Coach & Rider. Good vintage display cond. Nr
		Antique Cast Iron Horse Drawn Stage Coach & Rider. Good vintage display cond. Nr

		Old Toy Iron W/ Block Grip From A.C. Williams Co 3 1/4" Long Neat T75
		Old Toy Iron W/ Block Grip From A.C. Williams Co 3 1/4" Long Neat T75 
		Cast Iron Figural Still Bank - Sharecropper - Original - Near Mint!
		Cast Iron Figural Still Bank - Sharecropper - Original - Near Mint!

		Old Toy Iron Nickel Plated With A Diamond Grip 3" Long Very Cute T79
		Old Toy Iron Nickel Plated With A Diamond Grip 3" Long Very Cute T79
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Prices current as of last update, 05/18/12 7:00pm.

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